11/10/2016 Western Literature (week9)
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I.
The
Immortal
1% x 10 = 10%
Greek
Name
|
Position(description,
keywords)
|
Roman
Name
|
(1)
|
The
golden goddess of Love and beauty
|
Venus
|
Ares
|
The god
of war
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
The
virgin goddess of wisdom and invention.
|
Minerva
|
(4)
|
The
goddess of harvest
|
Ceres
|
(5)
|
The god
of the underworld
|
Pluto
|
(6)
|
The god
of the blacksmith, husband of Venus
|
Vulcan
|
(7)
|
The
queen of the underworld
|
Cora
|
Poseidon
|
The lord
of the Sea
|
(8)
|
(9)
|
The
virgin goddess of hunting/moon, Apollo’s twin sister
|
Diana,
Selene
|
Zeus
|
The lord
of the sky
|
(10)
|
II.
Multiple choice: 1% x 15 = 15%
1.
The “Ancient World” refers to (A) prehistoric
culture (B) European culture before 800 B.C.E. (C) the culture of the
Mediterranean Basin before 400 B.C.E. (D) the culture of fifteen B.C.E. Greece.
2.
Ancient Greeks considered their gods (A)
arbitrary and capricious toward humans (B) paragons of virtues (C)
representatives of natural forces (D) always benevolent toward humans.
3.
One of Greece’s greatest contributions to
Rome was (A) democratic government (B) rhetoric (C) the strategy of warfare (D)
mathematics.
4.
A belief system is the way a society (A)
views the world and human life (B) acts for the betterment of others (C)
understands the heavens (D) categorizes Nature.
5.
Latin literature began with (A) the plays of
Plautus and Terrance (B) a translation of the Odyssey (C) Vergil’s Aeneid (D)
The speeches of Cicero.
6.
The first Roman emperor was (A) Julius Cesar
(B) Ptolemy (C) Augustus (D) Nero.
7.
In general, Rome and Romans were (A) liberal
(B) conservative (C) middle-of-the-road (D) anarchists.
8.
When does Achilles die? (A) In Book 4 (B) in
Book 12 (C) In Book 24 (D) He doesn’t die in The Iliad.
9.
When is The Iliad thought to have been
composed? (A) The twelfth century B.C. (B) The fifteenth century B.C. (C) The
eighth century B.C. (D) The third century B.C.
10.
How long has the Trojan War been going by the
time The Iliad begins? (A) nine years (B) eight months (C) one week (D)
the poem begins with the beginning of the war.
11.
According to legend, in what sense was Homer
deficient? (A) hearing (B) sight (C) taste (D) touch.
12.
Which of the following characterized the Roman political
system? (A) It separated church and state (B) It separated political power
among different authorizes (C) It was an absolute monarchy (D) It did not levy
taxes.
13.
The Egyptian writing system known as hieroglyphics relied
on (A) an alphabet for consonant sounds (B) a system of pictographs (C)
wedge-shaped characters, like cuneiform, but more elaborate (D) an alphabet for
consonant and vowel sounds.
14.
One of the earliest literary texts was the Sumerian epic
poem called Gilgamesh. What writing
system was used to first record this epic poem? (A) Phoenician (B) Latin (C)
cuneiform (D) hieroglyphics.
15.
The earliest literature took the form of (A) oral stories
and songs (B) poems collected in anthologies (C) stories in holy books (D)
epics inscribed on stone tablets.
III.
Identification: 1% x 25 =25%
1. Rage: (p. 189)
Sing;
Goddess, Achilles’ rage,
Black and
murderous, that cost the Greeks
Incalculable
pain, pitched countless souls
Of heroes
into Hades’ dark,
And left
their bodies to rot as feast
For dogs
and birds, as Zeus’ will was done.
The Iliad begins with opening lines that state an invocation to the
goddess. Identify the name of the goddess.
2.
But I will tell you this: (p. 193)
Since Phoebus Apollo is taking away my _____,
Whom I’m sending back aboard ship with my
friends,
I’m coming to your hut and taking Breseis,
Your own beautiful prize, so that you will
see just how much
Stronger I am than you, and the next person
will wince
At the thought of opposing me as an equal.
Identify the name of the prophetess whom
brought the crisis to the Achaean troop.
3. Well, I’m going back to Phthia now. Far
better (p. 193)
To head home with my curved ships than stay
here,
Unhonored myself and pilling up a fortune
for you.
Identify the name of
the speaker (who is talking) of the above citation. After being insulted by
Agamemnon’s request of a replacement war prize, the speaker threatens to return
home with the Myrmidons.
4. Chryses, King Agamemnon has sent me here
(p. 200)
To return your child and offer to Phoebus
Formal sacrifice on behalf of the Greeks.
So my we appease Lord _____, and may he
Lift the afflictions he has sent upon us.
Who lifts the plague
from the Greeks?
5. With this said, they vaulted from their
chariots, (p. 207-8)
Clasped hands, and pledged their
friendship.
But Zeus took away Glaucus’ good sense,
For he exchanged his golden armor for
bronze,
The worth of one hundred oxen for nine.
When
____ reached the oak tree by the Western Gate,
Trojan wives and daughters ran up to him,
Asking about their children, their
brothers,
Their kinsmen, their husbands. He told them
all,
Each woman in turn, to pray to the gods.
Sorrow clung to their heads like mist.
The above citation is
quoted from Book VI of the Iliad. The
soothsayer instructs _____, the Trojan prince, to pray with his mother for
mercy.
6. So the bonfires between the Greek ships
(p. 215)
And the banks of the Xanthus, burning
On the plain before Ilion.
And
fifty men
Warmed their hands by flames of each fire.
And the horses champed white barely,
Standing by their chariots, waiting for
Dawn
To take her seat on brocaded cushions.
The above citation is quoted from Book VIII of the Iliad entitling “the Tide of Battle
Turns.” What are the Trojans waiting for outside of the Greek fortifications?
7. I’m going to oppose you if you talk
foolishness--(p. 216-7)
As is my right in
assembly, ord. Keep your temper.
…He gave you a scepter
And honor with it, but
he didn’t give you
Strength to stand in
battle, which is real power
…But many a
long-haired Achaean
Will stay, too, until
we conquer Troy. And if they won’t—
Well, let them all
said back to their own native land.
The two of us,
Sthenelus and I, will fight on
Until we take Ilion.
We came here with Zeus
The above citation is
quoted from Book IX of the Iliad. It
is _____ who convinces Agamemnon not to abandon the war.
8. Brag while you can, Hector. Zeus and
Apollo (p. 242)
Have given you an easy victory this time.
If they hadn’t knocked off my armor,
I could have made mincemeat of twenty like
you.
It was Fate, and Leto’s son (Apollo), who
killed me.
Of men, Euphorbus. You came in third at
best.
And one more thing for you to think over.
You’re not going to live long. I see Death
Standing at your shoulder, and you going
town
Under the hands of Peleus’ perfect son
(Achilles).
This citation is quoted from Book XVI of
the Iliad. After being defeated by
Hector and Achilles, Patroclus predicts _____’s death.
9. Mother, Zeus may have done all this for
me, (p. 244)
But how can I rejoice? My friend is dead,
_____, my dearest friend of all. I loved
him,
And I killed him. And the armor—Hector cut
him down and took off his body.
The heavy, splendid armor, beautiful to
see,
That the gods gave to Peleus as a gift
On the day they put you to bed with a
mortal.
But now—it was all so you would suffer pain
For your ravaged son.
It is the death of his “dearest friend of
all” that rallies Achilles’ return to the war. Identify the name of “his friend.”
10. I won’t have you with me for long, my
child, (p. 245)
If you say such things. Hector’s death
means yours.
Identify the name of this mother in grief.
11. Yes, child. It’s not wrong to save your
friends (p. 246)
When they are beaten to the brink of death.
But your beautiful armor is in the hands of
the Trojans,
The mirrored bronze…
Tomorrow I will come with the rising sun
Bearing beautiful armor from Lord _____.
Identify the name of this divine blacksmith
who could make beautiful shield and armor.
12. Then _____ called back to Achilles: (p.
258)
“Son of Peleus, you’re fast on your feet,
But you’ll never catch me, man chasing god.
Or are you too raging mad to notice
I’m a god? Don’t you care about fighting
The Trojans anymore? You’ve chased them
back
Into their town, but how you’ve veered off
here.
You’ll never killed me. You don’t hold my
doom.”
It is _____ who frequently throughout the Iliad preventing the Greeks from winning
the war outright.
13. But it was shame and defilement Achilles
(p. 268)
Had in mind for _____. He pieced the
tendons
Above the heels and cinched them leather
thongs
To his chariot, letting ____’s head drag.
In order to celebrate his victory over
_____, Achilles drags his opponent’s body around the city behind a chariot. Both Trojan and Greek warrior culture placed great
importance on the preservation and care of dead comrades’ corpses
14. Remember your father, godlike Achilles.
(p. 283)
He and I both are on the doorstep
Of old age. He may well be now’
Surrounded by enemies wearing him down
And have no one to protect him from harm.
But then he hears that you are still alive
And his heart rejoices, and he hopes all
his days
To see his dear son come back from Troy.
But what is left for me?
Identify the name of this grieving father.
15. The people gathered around _____’s
pyre, (p. 290)
And when all of Troy was assembled there
They drowned the last flames with glinting
wine…
When the tomb was built, they all returned
To the city and assembled for a glorious feast
In the house of Priam, Zeus’ cherished
king.
_____’s funeral pyre concludes the Iliad
16. Speak, Memory— (p. 291)
Of
the cunning hero,
The wandered, blown off course time and
again
After he plundered Troy’s sacred heights.
Speak
Of all the cities he saw, the minds he
grasped,
The suffering deep in his heart at sea
As he struggle to survive and ring his men
home.
This citation is quoted from the opening
lines of the Odyssey. Identify the
name this wandering hero at sea.
17. …(p. 291)
Still longed to return to his home and his
wife.
The nymph _____, a powerful goddess—
And beautiful—was clinging to him
In her caverns and yearned to possess him.
In Book IV of the Odyssey,
Telemachus learns that his father was taken by the nymph for seven years.
18. And then he
came, the ghost of Theban prophet, (p. 412)
Bearing a golden staff…
You seek a sweet as honey…
For I do not think you will elude the
Earth-shaker,
Who has laid up wrath in his heart
against you,
Furious because you blinded his son.
Still
You just might get home, though not
without pain,
You and your men, if you curb your own
spirit,
And
theirs, too , when you beach our ship
Identify the name of this Theban prophet.
19. Don’t try to
sell me on death, son of Laertes. (p. 422)
I’d rather be a hired hand back up on
dearth,
Slaving away for some poor dirt farmer,
Than
lord it over all these withered dead.
Identify the name of this soul that the wandering hero
encounters in the House of the Dead.
20. And I saw _____
there in his agony
Pushing a monstrous stone with his hands.
Digging in hard, he would manage to shove
it
To the crest of a hill, but just as he
was about
To heave it over the top, the shameless
stone
Would teeter back and bound down to the
plain.
Then he would strain every muscle to push
it back up,
Sweat
pouring from his limbs and dusty head.
In
Hades, _____ was punished for chronic deceitfulness by being compelled to
roll an immense boulder up a hill, only to watch it roll back down, and to
repeat this action forever.
21. But from the moment that godless
Diomedes, (p. 1007)
Flanked by Ulysses, the mastermind of crime,
Attacked and tore the fateful image of Pallas
Out of her own hallowed shrine, and cut
down
The sentries ringing your city heights
and seized
That holy image and even dared touch the
sacred bands
On the virgin goddess head with hands reeking blood--
From that hour on, the high hopes of the
Greeks
Had
trickle away like a slow, ebbing tide…
In
Book II of the Aeneid, the narrator
retrieves the final hours of Troy. Ulysses is the Roman (Latin) name for
_____, a character in ancient Greek literature.
22. Here the words “Pallas” and “virgin
goddess” mean _____, the patron goddess of Athens.
23. …From now on, Dido cares no more (p.
1029)
For appearances, nor for her reputation,
either.
She no longer thinks to keep the affair a
secret,
No, she calls it a marriage,
Using
the word to cloak her sense of guilt.
In
a cave, _____ and Dido get “married”—at least as far as Dido is concerned.
24. All at once, in the midst of her last
words, (p. 1043)
Her women see her doubled over the sword,
the blood
Foaming over the blade, her hands
splattered red.
A scream goes stabbing up to the high
roofs,
Rumor goes like a Maenad through the
shocked city—
The
queen of Carthage commits suicide after _____ decides to leave her and
continue on his quest. She stabs herself.
25. All the while Neptune (p.
984-985)
Sensed the furor above him, the roaring
seas first and
The storm breaking next—his standing
waters boiling up
From the sea-bed, churning back…
He sees Aeneas’ squadrons scattered
across the ocean,
Trojans overwhelmed by the surf and the
wild crashing skies.
Nor
did he miss his sister _____’s (the goddess) cunning wrath at work.
_____
(the goddess) convinces Aeolus to stir the winds and seas in order to wreck
Aeneas and his ships. She saves Aeneas from the storm in Book I of the Aeneid. However, Neptune intervenes to
calm the seas.
|
IV.
Term explanation: 5% x 4 = 20%
Term explanation: 4% x 5 = 20% (extra
answer sheet provided)
0. in medias res:
(示範)It is a Latin phrase for the literary and
artistic narrative technique where the relating of a story begins at the
midpoint, rather than at the beginning, establishing setting, character, and
conflict via flashback or expository conversations relating the pertinent past.
For example, in Homer's Odyssey,
we first learn about Odysseus' journey when he is held captive on Calypso's
island. We then find out in Books IX through XII, that the greater part of
Odysseus' journey precedes that moment in the narrative.
V.
Essay: 10% x 2 = 20%
1. What role
does fate play in the
emotional and psychological effect of The Iliad? Why does Homer make his
characters aware of their impending dooms?
2.
How
does Homer portray the relationship between gods and
men in the Odyssey? What roles do the gods play in human life? How does
this portrayal differ from that found in the Iliad?
Answer sheet
I.
10%
1.
Aphrodite
|
6. Hephaestus
|
2. Mars
|
7.
Persephone
|
3.
Athena (Athene)
|
8. Neptune
|
4.
Demeter
|
9.
Artemis
|
5. Hades
|
10.
Jupiter
|
II.
15%
1. C
|
2. A
|
3. B
|
4. A
|
5. B
|
6. C
|
7. B
|
8. D
|
9. C
|
10. B
|
11. B
|
12. B
|
13. B
|
14. C
|
15. A
|
III.
25%
1. Muse
|
6.
morning
|
11.
Hephaestus
|
16.
Odysseus
|
21.
Odysseus
|
2.
Chryseis
|
7.
Diomedes
|
12.
Apollo
|
17.
Calypso
|
22.
Athena
|
3.
Achilles
|
8.
Hector
|
13.
Hector
|
18.
Tiresias
|
23.
Aeneas
|
4.
Apollo
|
9.
Patroclus
|
14.
Priam
|
19.
Achilles
|
24.
Aeneas
|
5.
Hector
|
10.
Thetis
|
15.
Hector
|
20.
Sisyphus
|
25. Juno
|
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