2017年1月2日 星期一

12/08/2016 Western Literature (week13)


Quiz 50


Agamemnon 
1.      When Clytemnestra hears that Agamemnon has returned, she: (A) rejoices at his safe arrival (B) warns Aegisthus to be wary of Agamemnon (B) curses the old men of the Chorus (D) reveals her plot to the audience.

2.      Clytemnestra tells Agamemnon that Orestes: (A) is away for his own protection (B) has plans against his father (C) is not a fit son for Agamemnon (D) is not yet ready to take his place as prince.

3.      Cassandra is a seer who: (A) is always believed because Apollo loves her (B) is never believed because Apollo is angry with her (C) cannot see her own doom (D) loves Agamemnon against her will.

4.      When Agamemnon walks on the crimson tapestry: (A) Clytemnestra says it’s his due (B) he fears retribution from the gods (C) he fears Clytemnestra’s motives (D) he feels it is his due as the returning hero.

5.      At the end of the play, the Leader says that: (A) Clytemnestra and Aegisthus will die (B) Orestes will return home (C) what’s done is done and Clytemnestra and Aegisthus will reign (D) peace will be restored.

6.      When she first meets with Agamemnon, Clytemnestra: (A) recounts their children’s adventures (B) pretends to have missed him and to still love him (C) reveals her love for Aegisthus (D) is rude to him, foreshadowing his doom.

7.      When Clytemnestra meets Cassandra, she: (A) says she understand her (B) covertly threatens to kill her (C) rebukes her for having sex with Agamemnon (D) tells her that she will be treated according to her station in life.

8.      Clytemnestra tells the Chorus that she killed Agamemnon because: (A) she prefers reigning in his place (B) she wants Aegisthus instead (C) she wants to protect her children against any Agamemnon might produce with Cassandra (D) she holds him responsible for the death of their daughter.

9.      At the beginning of the play, the Chorus: (A) rejoices that Agamemnon has probably returned (B) tells Clytemnestra that she should worry (C) praises Clytemnestra for her good guidance during the last ten years (D) says that Clytemnestra’s and Agamemnon’s children are now safe.

10.  Clytemnestra invokes ________'s aid several different times before executing her plan. (A) Hera (B) Fate (C) Aphrodite (D) Zeus.


Oedipus
1.      Who offers to help Oedipus clear his conscience? (A) the messenger (B) Merope (C) Polybus (D) Jocasta.

2.      Which of the following is NOT a curse placed on Thebes by the gods? (A) famine (B) stillborn children (C) plague (D) water turned to blood.

3.      Which god are the citizens praying to at the opening of the play? (A) Thebea (B) Athena (C) Mars (D) Apollo.

4.      After discovering the truth about his past, what does Oedipus request as his punishment? (A) blindness (B) exile (C) castration (D) decapitation.

5.      Although born in Thebes, Oedipus is raised in: (A) Athens (B) Sparta (C) Corinth (D) Mykonos.

6.      Why did Oedipus flee Corinth? (A) to escape a power struggle with his brothers and father (B) to become a high-ranking military officer in Athens (C) He heard a chilling prophecy (D) He wants to become an ascetic.

7.      What feat did Oedipus complete that led to crowning him King of Thebes? (A) deposing Laius (B) gaining the loyalty of the god Apollo (C) defeating the Sphinx (D) killing the bandits that attacked King Laius’ chariot.

8.      The Chorus's final lines summarize a major theme as: (A) even the greatest of men cannot change fate (B) the importance of civil disobedience (C) good and evil coexist in the heart of mankind (D) anything is possible.

9.      Kreon is Oedipus' (A) uncle (B) brother (C) father-in-law (D) brother-in-law.

10.  The person who took pity and saved Oedipus as a child was: (A) a farmer (B) a police (C) a healer (D) a herdsman.



Medea
1.      What method does Media decide on to murder Creon and Glauce? (A) She will poison them (B) She will set their house on fire (C) She’ll use a candlestick in the library (D) She will stab them.
2.      Why is Medea so distraught as the play opens? (A) Her husband has married another woman (B) Her children have been killed (C) Her city is under siege (D) Her father has died.

3.      What reason does Jason give to Medea for marrying Glauce? (A) He loved Glauce more (B) Glauce seduced him (C) He thought Medea wanted it that way (D) Marrying Glauce would provide for them all.

4.      What gossip has the tutor overheard near the beginning of the play? (A) That Jason has been killed (B) That Medea is to be banished (C) That Medea has cheated on Jason (D) That their children are illegitimate.

5.      Why does Jason think that Medea sends gifts to Glauce? (A) He discovers they are actually sisters (B) Because he knows that they contain poison (C) Because Medea has gone mad (D) He thinks Medea wants a favor from Glauce.

11.  In addition to poisoning Creon and Glauce, what other deed does Medea decide to commit in order to exact her revenge? (A) She will marry Aegeus (B) She will kill herself (C) She will kill her children (D) She will destroy Corinth.

12.  How does Medea escape towards the end of the play? (A) She sneaks away from home (B) She flies off in a chariot (C) She doesn’t escape (D) She sails away in the Argo.

13.  Greek drama could best be described as (A) very naturalistic, with efforts to make the representations as realistic as possible (B) both stylized, with masks and a Chorus and part of a religious celebration (C) part of a religious celebration (D) stylized, with masks and a Chorus.

 

14.  Greek plays feature a group of performers who sing, dance, provide exposition and interact with the other characters. This group is called (A) the Chorus (B) the nymphs of Artemis (C) Sappho’s “maidens” (D) the Maenads.

 

15.  During his own lifetime, Euripides was (A) the least popular of the tragedians, but the most popular composers of epics (B) the most popular of the Greek tragedians (C) the least popular of the three great tragedians (D) the least popular of the tragedians, but the most popular comic writer.

 


Lysistrata

1.      Who is Lysistrata's next-door neighbor? (A) Lampito (B) Myrrhine (C) Peace (D) Kleonike.

 

2.      Why does Lysistrata say that she is ashamed to be a woman? (A) women don’t exercise (B) women shop too much (C) women don’t stand up to male slander (D) women don’t want peace.

 

3.      How do the men characterize the women? (A) sexy (B) smart and intelligent (C) deceitful (D) passive.

 

4.      What reason does Kleonike give Lysistrata for the women being late? (A) The women are tending their children (B) The women are fighting Sparta (C) The women are sleeping at home (D) The women are at the gym.

 

5.      Why is Kleonike upset that the Milesians cut off the leather trade? (A) She cannot gets a saddle (B) She needs a new belt (C) She needs a leather hat (D) She needs a masturbation kit.

 

6.      How does Lysistrata propose the women will make the men declare peace? (A) Abstinence for a week (B) No cooking until peace is declared (C) Abstinence until peace is declared (D) No caring for children until peace is declared.

 

7.      What is the meaning of the oracle? (A) The women will loose the battle (B) The women will be humiliated if they don’t work together for Peace (C) The Women will find great success (D) There will be peace in Athens.

 

8.      In what condition do the Spartans arrive? (A) Ready for War (B) Sexually frustrated (C) Desperate for peace (D) Both B and C.

 

9.      Why does Lysistrata tell the delegations they should make Peace? (A) They have helped each other before (B) The people have suffered too greatly (C) The women need to get back to their husbands (D) Peace is getting cold.

 

10.  Why does Lysistrata bring out her naked handmaid, Peace? (A) Peace looks just like a map of Ancient Greece (B) Peace wants to tell the men a thing or two (C) Peace wants peace (D) Peace makes the men more urgent to make an agreement.


 


Poetics

1.      Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of poetry? (A) It uses language 9B) It uses rhythm (C) It is written in verse (D) It uses harmony.

 

2.      Which of the following contains a mix of direct and indirect narrative? (A) tragedy (B) comedy (C) Homeric epic (D) Dithyrambic poetry.

 

3.      Which of the following is not "art" in the Greek sense of the word? (A) tragedy (B) a spear (C) a table (D) a peacock’s feather.

 

4.      Which of the following is NOT a reason for why we like imitations? (A) We learn from imitations (B) Imitations exercise our reason (C) We are not repelled by imitations of things we would normally find repellent (D) There is a sense of safety in not having to deal with reality.

 

5.      Which of the following was the last to evolve? (A) tragedy (B) dithyramb (C) epic poetry (D) invective.

 

6.      Which of the following is not one of the "three unities"? (A) Unity of action (B) Unity of character (C) Unity of place (D) Unity of time.

 

7.      Which is the only unity that Aristotle insists upon? (A) Unity of action (B) Unity of character (C) Unity of place (D) Unity of time.

 

8.      Which of the following is the most important? (A) character (B) diction (C) plot (D) harmony.

 

9.      Which of the following is the least important? (A) character (B) plot (C) thought (D) spectacle.

 

10.  Which of the following is NOT a part of Aristotle's definition of tragedy? (A) It arouses pity and fear (B) It has an unhappy ending (C) It involves mimesis (D) It is performed rather than narrated.

 

 

 

Agamemnon DABBB   BDDAD
Oedipus    ADDBC  CCADD
Medea     AADBD  CB  B  A  C
Lysistrata   DCCAD  CBDAD

Poetics     CCDDA BACDB

12/01/2016 Western Literature (week12)


※Tragedian

Aeschylus

Aeschylus was an ancient Greek tragedian. He is often described as the father of tragedy. Critics' and scholars' knowledge of the genre begins with his work, and understanding of earlier tragedies is largely based on inferences from his surviving plays. According to, he expanded the number of characters in theater allowing conflict among them; characters previously had interacted only with the chorus.

Sophocles is one of three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays have survived. His first plays were written later than those of Aeschylus, and earlier than or contemporary with those of Euripides. Sophocles wrote 120 plays during the course of his life, but only seven have survived in a complete form.
Euripides was a tragedian of classical Athens. He is one of the few whose plays have survived, with the others being Aeschylus, Sophocles, and potentially Euphorion. Some ancient scholars attributed 95 plays to him but according to the Suda it was 92 at most. Of these, 18 or 19 have survived more or less complete
In psychoanalysis, the Oedipus complex (or,less commonly,Oedipal complex) is a child's desire, that the mind keeps in the unconscious via dynamic repression, to have sexual relations with the parent of the opposite sex (i.e. males attracted to their mothers, and females attracted to their fathers).
※In Medias Res
A narrative work beginning in medias re opens in the midst of action. Often, exposition is bypassed and filled in gradually, either through dialogue, flashbacks or description of past events. For example, Hamlet begins after the death of Hamlet's father. Characters make reference to King Hamlet's death without the plot's first establishment of said fact. Since the play focuses on Hamlet and the revenge itself more so than the motivation, Shakespeare utilizes in medias res to bypass superfluous exposition.

※Definition
you have gone so far: means too over.
playwright: a person who writes plays.
Foreshadow: be a warning or indication of a future event.

11/24/2016 Western Literature (week11)


※chorus

A chorus in the context of Ancient Greek tragedy, comedy, and satyr plays, is a homogeneous, non-individualised group of performers, who comment with a collective voice on the dramatic action. The chorus consisted of between 12 and 50 players, who variously danced, sang or spoke their lines in unison and sometimes wore masks.

※ [in Just-]

in Just- 
spring          when the world is mud- 
luscious the little 
lame balloonman 

whistles          far          and wee 

and eddieandbill come 
running from marbles and 
piracies and it's 
spring 

when the world is puddle-wonderful 

the queer 
old balloonman whistles 
far          and             wee 
and bettyandisbel come dancing 

from hop-scotch and jump-rope and 

it's 
spring 
and 

         the 

                  goat-footed 

balloonMan          whistles 
far 
and 
wee

Poet Bio
















1894–1962
         
"Mary Had a Little Lamb" is an English language nursery rhyme of nineteenth-century American origin. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 7622.
lyrics
Mary had a little lamb, little lamb,
little lamb, Mary had a little lamb
whose fleece was white as snow.
And everywhere that Mary went
Mary went, Mary went, everywhere
that Mary went
The lamb was sure to go.

He followed her to school one day,
school one day, school one day,
He followed her to school one day,
Which was against the rules,
It made the children laugh and play,
laugh and play, laugh and play,
It made the children laugh and play,
To see a lamb at school.

And so the teacher turned it out,
turned it out, turned it out,
And so the teacher turned it out,
But still it lingered near,
He waited patiently about,
ly about, ly about,
He waited patiently about,
Till Mary did appear.

"Why does the lamb love Mary so?"
love Mary so?" love Mary so?"
"Why does the lamb love Mary so?"
The eager children cried.
"Why, Mary loves the lamb, you know,"
lamb, you know," lamb, you know,"
"Why, Mary loves the lamb, you know,"
The teacher did reply.


※Definition
peculiar: strange or odd; unusual
fleece: the woolly covering of a sheep or goat.

11/17/2016 Western Literature (week10)


Sadomasochism is the giving or receiving pleasure from acts involving the receipt or infliction of pain or humiliation. Practitioners of sadomasochism may seek sexual gratification from their acts. 
Sadist is the term for individuals who derive pleasure from the suffering of others
Masochist
A masochist is a person who enjoys receiving pain


※IMDb
The Internet Movie Database (abbreviated IMDb) is an online database of information related to films, television programs and video games, including cast, production crew, fictional characters, biographies, plot summaries, trivia and reviews, operated by IMDb.com, Inc., a subsidiary of Amazon.com.

Ancient Greek includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD. (A moment of excellence) It is often roughly divided into the Archaic period (9th to 6th centuries BC), Classical period (5th and 4th centuries BC), and Hellenistic period (3rd century BC to the 6th century AD). It is antedated in the second millennium BC by Mycenaean Greek.

Oedipus Rex, also known by its Greek title, Oedipus Tyrannus (or Oedipus the King, is an Athenian tragedy by Sophocles that was first performed around 429 BC.

In Greek mythology, Electra was the daughter of King Agamemnon and Queen Clytemnestra, and thus princess of Argos. She and her brother Orestes plotted revenge against their mother Clytemnestra and stepfather Aegisthus for the murder of their father, Agamemnon.


Dionysus is the god of the grape harvest, winemaking and wine, of ritual madness, fertility, theatre and religious ecstasy in ancient Greek religion and myth. 



Aegisthus is a figure in Greek mythology. He was the son of Thyestes and his daughter, Pelopia. The product of an incestuous union motivated by his father's rivalry with the house of Atreus for the throne of Mycenae, Aegisthus murdered Atreus to restore his father to power. Later, he lost the throne to Atreus's son Agamemnon.